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1.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 80(11): 1119-1125, 2022 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36577415

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In 1839, the Escola de Farmácia de Ouro Preto pioneered the teaching of pharmaceutical sciences in Brazil. At the end of the 19th century, the Escola de Farmácia possessed a French collection of anatomical models, some made of wax and paper-mâché. The models were a critical part of teaching anatomy, particularly in an era of paradigm changes about how the human brain works. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to anatomically describe the brain models through a comparative analysis with the current anatomical description. METHODS: Comparative analysis of the brain models with modern anatomical descriptions. RESULTS: In the individual analysis of the wax models, we verified excellent anatomical accuracy of the cortical and subcortical regions. Our results identified internal structures, like the basal ganglia and white matter. Compared with modern anatomical books and websites, the wax brain models have high scientific quality. CONCLUSION: The models of the present study gave students hands-on experience of human anatomy in the 19th century. Nowadays, the models are part of the memory of Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto and Museu da Pharmacia de Ouro Preto . The collection of wax models shows the appreciation of neuroanatomy teaching at the turn of the century concomitant with advances in neurology and anatomy around the world.


ANTECEDENTES: No Brasil, em 1839, a Escola de Farmácia foi pioneira no ensino das ciências farmacêuticas. No final do século XIX, a Escola de Farmácia possuía uma coleção de modelos anatômicos franceses, muitos fabricados em cera e papel machê. A coleção da Escola de Farmácia é muito importante pois faz parte de um período crítico do ensino de neuroanatomia, particularmente em um período de mudanças de paradigmas relacionados às funções do cérebro humano. OBJETIVO: Os objetivos do presente estudo foram analisar anatomicamente os modelos de cérebro e identificar e descrever as estruturas anatômicas com base na descrição anatômica moderna. MéTODOS: Foi feita uma análise comparativa dos modelos com a descrição anatômica moderna. RESULTADOS: Na análise individual dos modelos de cera, nós constatamos uma excelente fidelidade anatômica de regiões corticais e subcorticais. Nossos resultados identificaram estruturas internas, como núcleos cerebrais e substância branca. Comparado com livros e páginas da internet sobre anatomia, os modelos de cera apresentam alta qualidade científica. CONCLUSãO: Os modelos do presente estudo são importantes, pois ajudam a compreender o ensino de anatomia no século XIX. Atualmente, os modelos fazem parte da memória da Escola de Farmácia de Ouro Preto e do Museu da Pharmacia. A coleção de modelos de cera representa a valorização do ensino de neuroanatomia no final do século XIX em concordância com os avanços da neurologia e neuroanatomia ao redor do mundo.


Subject(s)
Models, Anatomic , White Matter , Humans , Brazil , Neuroanatomy
2.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 29(4): 1045-1061, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36542037

ABSTRACT

The Ouro Preto School of Pharmacy was founded in 1839 and was the first pharmacy school in Latin America independent from a medical school. At the end of the nineteenth century, it had a collection of French anatomical models made by Deyrolle, Dr. Auzoux, and Vasseur-Tramod, many produced from wax or papier-mâché. This project involved recovering, identifying, cleaning, restoring, and exhibiting seventeen models found in various facilities from Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. The models in good condition were exhibited in the Museum of Pharmacy (where this work was carried out) as part of the teaching collection for the Ouro Preto pharmacy course.


A Escola de Farmácia de Ouro Preto, fundada em 1839, foi a primeira da América Latina desvinculada de uma escola de medicina. No final do século XIX, contou com um acervo de modelos anatômicos franceses dos renomados Deyrolle, Dr. Auzoux e Vasseur-Tramod, muitos fabricados em cera ou papel machê. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo resgatar, identificar, higienizar, restaurar e expor os modelos. De unidades acadêmicas da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 17 modelos anatômicos foram resgatados e transferidos para o Museu da Pharmacia, onde receberam o devido tratamento. Os modelos em melhores condições foram expostos no museu formando parte da coleção de ensino do curso de farmácia de Ouro Preto.


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Services , Pharmacies , Pharmacy , Museums/history , Models, Anatomic
3.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 29(4): 1045-1061, oct,-dic. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421586

ABSTRACT

Resumo A Escola de Farmácia de Ouro Preto, fundada em 1839, foi a primeira da América Latina desvinculada de uma escola de medicina. No final do século XIX, contou com um acervo de modelos anatômicos franceses dos renomados Deyrolle, Dr. Auzoux e Vasseur-Tramod, muitos fabricados em cera ou papel machê. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo resgatar, identificar, higienizar, restaurar e expor os modelos. De unidades acadêmicas da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 17 modelos anatômicos foram resgatados e transferidos para o Museu da Pharmacia, onde receberam o devido tratamento. Os modelos em melhores condições foram expostos no museu formando parte da coleção de ensino do curso de farmácia de Ouro Preto.


Abstract The Ouro Preto School of Pharmacy was founded in 1839 and was the first pharmacy school in Latin America independent from a medical school. At the end of the nineteenth century, it had a collection of French anatomical models made by Deyrolle, Dr. Auzoux, and Vasseur-Tramod, many produced from wax or papier-mâché. This project involved recovering, identifying, cleaning, restoring, and exhibiting seventeen models found in various facilities from Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. The models in good condition were exhibited in the Museum of Pharmacy (where this work was carried out) as part of the teaching collection for the Ouro Preto pharmacy course.


Subject(s)
History of Pharmacy , Collections as Topic , Models, Anatomic , Brazil , History, 19th Century
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(11): 1119-1125, Nov. 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429864

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background In 1839, the Escola de Farmácia de Ouro Preto pioneered the teaching of pharmaceutical sciences in Brazil. At the end of the 19th century, the Escola de Farmácia possessed a French collection of anatomical models, some made of wax and paper-mâché. The models were a critical part of teaching anatomy, particularly in an era of paradigm changes about how the human brain works. Objective The present study aimed to anatomically describe the brain models through a comparative analysis with the current anatomical description. Methods Comparative analysis of the brain models with modern anatomical descriptions. Results In the individual analysis of the wax models, we verified excellent anatomical accuracy of the cortical and subcortical regions. Our results identified internal structures, like the basal ganglia and white matter. Compared with modern anatomical books and websites, the wax brain models have high scientific quality. Conclusion The models of the present study gave students hands-on experience of human anatomy in the 19th century. Nowadays, the models are part of the memory of Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto and Museu da Pharmacia de Ouro Preto. The collection of wax models shows the appreciation of neuroanatomy teaching at the turn of the century concomitant with advances in neurology and anatomy around the world.


Resumo Antecedentes No Brasil, em 1839, a Escola de Farmácia foi pioneira no ensino das ciências farmacêuticas. No final do século XIX, a Escola de Farmácia possuía uma coleção de modelos anatômicos franceses, muitos fabricados em cera e papel machê. A coleção da Escola de Farmácia é muito importante pois faz parte de um período crítico do ensino de neuroanatomia, particularmente em um período de mudanças de paradigmas relacionados às funções do cérebro humano. Objetivo Os objetivos do presente estudo foram analisar anatomicamente os modelos de cérebro e identificar e descrever as estruturas anatômicas com base na descrição anatômica moderna. Métodos Foi feita uma análise comparativa dos modelos com a descrição anatômica moderna. Resultados Na análise individual dos modelos de cera, nós constatamos uma excelente fidelidade anatômica de regiões corticais e subcorticais. Nossos resultados identificaram estruturas internas, como núcleos cerebrais e substância branca. Comparado com livros e páginas da internet sobre anatomia, os modelos de cera apresentam alta qualidade científica. Conclusão Os modelos do presente estudo são importantes, pois ajudam a compreender o ensino de anatomia no século XIX. Atualmente, os modelos fazem parte da memória da Escola de Farmácia de Ouro Preto e do Museu da Pharmacia. A coleção de modelos de cera representa a valorização do ensino de neuroanatomia no final do século XIX em concordância com os avanços da neurologia e neuroanatomia ao redor do mundo.

5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 113(5): 905-912, Nov. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055041

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Arterial hypertension is a precursor to the development of heart and renal failure, furthermore is associated with elevated oxidative markers. Environmental enrichment of rodents increases performance in memory tasks, also appears to exert an antioxidant effect in the hippocampus of normotensive rats. Objectives: Evaluate the effect of environmental enrichment on oxidative stress in the ventrolateral medulla, heart, and kidneys of renovascular hypertensive rats. Methods: Forty male Fischer rats (6 weeks old) were divided into four groups: normotensive standard condition (Sham-St), normotensive enriched environment (Sham-EE), hypertensive standard condition (2K1C-St), and hypertensive enriched environment (2K1C-EE). Animals were kept in enriched or standard cages for four weeks after all animals were euthanized. The level of significance was at p < 0.05. Results: 2K1C-St group presented higher mean arterial pressure (mmHg) 147.0 (122.0; 187.0) compared to Sham-St 101.0 (94.0; 109.0) and Sham-EE 106.0 (90.8; 117.8). Ventrolateral medulla from 2K1C-EE had higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) (49.1 ± 7.9 U/mg ptn) and catalase activity (0.8 ± 0.4 U/mg ptn) compared to SOD (24.1 ± 9.8 U/mg ptn) and catalase activity (0.3 ± 0.1 U/mg ptn) in 2K1C-St. 2K1C-EE presented lower lipid oxidation (0.39 ± 0.06 nmol/mg ptn) than 2K1C-St (0.53 ± 0.22 nmol/mg ptn) in ventrolateral medulla. Furthermore, the kidneys of 2K1C-EE (11.9 ± 2.3 U/mg ptn) animals presented higher superoxide-dismutase activity than those of 2K1C-St animals (9.1 ± 2.3 U/mg ptn). Conclusion: Environmental enrichment induced an antioxidant effect in the ventrolateral medulla and kidneys that contributes to reducing oxidative damage among hypertensive rats.


Resumo Fundamento: A hipertensão arterial é um precursor para o desenvolvimento da insuficiência cardíaca e renal e, além disso, está associada com o aumento dos marcadores oxidativos. O enriquecimento ambiental dos roedores melhora o desempenho em tarefas de memória, e também parece ter um efeito antioxidante sobre o hipocampo dos ratos normotensos. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito do enriquecimento ambiental sobre o estresse oxidativo no bulbo ventrolateral, coração, e rins de ratos com hipertensão renovascular. Métodos: Quarenta ratos machos, tipo Fischer (6 semanas de idade), foram divididos em quatro grupos: normotensos em condições padrão (Sham-CP), normotensos em ambiente enriquecido (Sham-AE), hipertensos em condições padrão (2R1C-CP), e hipertensos em ambiente enriquecido (2R1C-AE). Os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas enriquecidas ou padrão durante quatro semanas e, por fim, todos os animais foram eutanasiados. O nível de significância foi p < 0,05. Resultados: O grupo 2R1C-CP apresentou pressão arterial média maior (mmHg) 147,0 (122,0; 187,0) quando comparado com os grupos Sham-CP 101,0 (94,0; 109,0) e Sham-AE 106,0 (90,8; 117,8). Observou-se maior atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) (49,1 ± 7,9 U/mg ptn) e da catalase (0,8 ± 0,4 U/mg ptn) no bulbo ventrolateral do grupo 2R1C-AE, em relação à atividade da SOD (24,1 ± 9,8 U/mg ptn) e da catalase (0,3 ± 0,1 U/mg ptn) no grupo 2R1C-CP. No grupo 2R1C-AE, a oxidação lipídica no bulbo ventrolateral foi menor (0,39 ± 0,06 nmol/mg ptn) quando comparado com o grupo 2R1C-CP (0,53 ± 0,22 nmol/mg ptn). Ademais, foi observada maior atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase nos rins dos animais 2R1C-AE (11,9 ± 2,3 U/mg ptn) em relação aos animais 2R1C-CP (9,1 ± 2,3 U/mg ptn). Conclusão: O enriquecimento ambiental provocou efeito antioxidante no bulbo ventrolateral e nos rins, o que contribuiu para a redução do dano oxidante nos ratos hipertensos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Medulla Oblongata/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Environment , Housing, Animal , Hypertension, Renovascular/metabolism , Antioxidants/metabolism , Rats, Inbred F344 , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Medulla Oblongata/enzymology , Lipid Peroxidation , Catalase/metabolism , Protein Carbonylation , Arterial Pressure , Heart Ventricles/enzymology , Hypertension, Renovascular/chemically induced , Kidney/enzymology
6.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 113(5): 905-912, 2019 11.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31482985

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Arterial hypertension is a precursor to the development of heart and renal failure, furthermore is associated with elevated oxidative markers. Environmental enrichment of rodents increases performance in memory tasks, also appears to exert an antioxidant effect in the hippocampus of normotensive rats. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effect of environmental enrichment on oxidative stress in the ventrolateral medulla, heart, and kidneys of renovascular hypertensive rats. METHODS: Forty male Fischer rats (6 weeks old) were divided into four groups: normotensive standard condition (Sham-St), normotensive enriched environment (Sham-EE), hypertensive standard condition (2K1C-St), and hypertensive enriched environment (2K1C-EE). Animals were kept in enriched or standard cages for four weeks after all animals were euthanized. The level of significance was at p < 0.05. RESULTS: 2K1C-St group presented higher mean arterial pressure (mmHg) 147.0 (122.0; 187.0) compared to Sham-St 101.0 (94.0; 109.0) and Sham-EE 106.0 (90.8; 117.8). Ventrolateral medulla from 2K1C-EE had higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) (49.1 ± 7.9 U/mg ptn) and catalase activity (0.8 ± 0.4 U/mg ptn) compared to SOD (24.1 ± 9.8 U/mg ptn) and catalase activity (0.3 ± 0.1 U/mg ptn) in 2K1C-St. 2K1C-EE presented lower lipid oxidation (0.39 ± 0.06 nmol/mg ptn) than 2K1C-St (0.53 ± 0.22 nmol/mg ptn) in ventrolateral medulla. Furthermore, the kidneys of 2K1C-EE (11.9 ± 2.3 U/mg ptn) animals presented higher superoxide-dismutase activity than those of 2K1C-St animals (9.1 ± 2.3 U/mg ptn). CONCLUSION: Environmental enrichment induced an antioxidant effect in the ventrolateral medulla and kidneys that contributes to reducing oxidative damage among hypertensive rats.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Environment , Housing, Animal , Hypertension, Renovascular/metabolism , Medulla Oblongata/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Animals , Arterial Pressure , Catalase/metabolism , Heart Ventricles/enzymology , Hypertension, Renovascular/chemically induced , Kidney/enzymology , Lipid Peroxidation , Male , Medulla Oblongata/enzymology , Protein Carbonylation , Rats, Inbred F344 , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
7.
Aging Male ; : 1-5, 2018 Mar 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29560770

ABSTRACT

The male pelvic floor muscles comprise a pair of compound muscle layers referred to as the levator ani. Studies have shown that pelvic floor muscle strength is affected by physical activity. This study aimed to assess male pelvic floor muscle strength through manometry of the external anal sphincter and evaluation of its association with physical activity level, BMI, and rectal pressure in healthy men. To assess physical activity level over the previous week, we used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire 8 (IPAQ). Pelvic floor muscle strength was assessed via anorectal manometry. The results shows a negative correlation between resting pressure and MET, a positive correlation between rectal pressure and resting and maximum pressure. The novel finding of this study is a negative correlation between walking and pelvic floor strength. This study raises new questions about the understanding of the interaction among physical activity, intraabdominal pressure, and pelvic floor strength in the physiology of continence in men.

8.
Rev. bras. ciênc. saúde ; 19(4): 277-284, 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-784576

ABSTRACT

O método Pilates compreende exercíciosbaseados na yoga, ginástica, dança e artes marciais, comconceitos filosóficos bem estabelecidos. Após a década de80 houve uma popularização do método, contudo pouco seconhece sobre o perfil do praticante e seus motivos paraingressar no método. Objetivo: identificar o perfilantropométrico de praticantes de Pilates em umestabelecimento na cidade de Mariana (MG) e analisar arelação com os motivos para a prática e imagem corporal.Material e Métodos: 66 voluntários, foram calculados o índicede massa corporal (IMC), o percentual de gordura (%G), osmotivos para a prática de Pilates e a percepção da autoimagemcorporal. Resultados: Amostra foi composta por15,2% de homens e 84,8% de mulheres, idade média de 46,9anos. Para o IMC, 90% dos homens e 25% das mulheresforam classificadas como sobrepeso. Nas três faixas etáriaso %G apresentou-se elevado. Houve maior insatisfação coma imagem corporal em indivíduos com IMC e %G acima dorecomendado. Os motivos mais citados para a prática dePilates foram “Aptidão Física” e “Diversão”. Conclusão: Operfil do praticante de Pilates são mulheres com idade inferiora 60 anos que têm como principais motivos a diversão emelhora da aptidão física. Ademais, houve maior insatisfaçãocom a imagem corporal em indivíduos com IMC e %G elevados...


Pilates exercises are based on yoga,gymnastics, dance and martial arts, with philosophicalconcepts well established, particularly after the 80s whenPilates became popular. However, little is known about theprofile of the practitioner and their reasons for joining themethod. Objective: To identify the anthropometric profile ofPilates practitioners in the city of Mariana, MG, Brazil, andanalyze their relationship with the reasons for practicing thisactivity and individual’s body image. Material and Methods:The study sample was composed of 66 volunteers. The bodymass index (BMI) and the percent body fat (%BF) werecalculated, as well as the reasons for the practice of Pilatesand the perception of practitioners on body image. Results:The sample was composed of 15.2% men and 84.8% women,with a mean age of 46.9 years. As to the BMI, 90% of menand 25% of women were classified as overweight. In thethree age groups analyzed, the %BF was found to be high.There was greater dissatisfaction with body image inindividuals with BMI and %BF above the recommended value.The most cited reasons for the practice of Pilates were“Physical fitness” and “Fun”. Conclusion: The profile of Pilatespractitioners is characterized by women less than 60 yearsof age, looking for fun and physical fitness. Furthermore,there was greater dissatisfaction with body image inindividuals with high BMI and %BF...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Body Composition , Body Image , Exercise
9.
Nitric Oxide ; 26(2): 118-25, 2012 Feb 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22265789

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is associated to an increase in central oxidative stress and an attenuation of the baroreflex control of arterial pressure. The present study evaluated the effect of alterations in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), a key area of the brainstem for the baroreflex control of arterial pressure, in renovascular hypertensive rats (2K1C). Baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and reflex bradycardia were evaluated 30 days after renal artery occlusion in anesthetized (urethane, 1.2 g/kg, i.p.) 2K1C or normotensive (SHAM) rats. The MAP, HR, and baroreflex control of HR were evaluated before and after CVLM microinjections of the non-selective NOS inhibitor L-NAME (10 nmol), the NO precursor L-ARG (50 nmol), or the antioxidant ascorbic acid, Vit C (10 nmol). In both 2K1C and SHAM animals, CVLM microinjection of L-NAME produced a decrease in MAP, whereas L-ARG induced a significant increase in MAP. However, microinjection of Vit C into the CVLM produced a decrease in MAP and HR only in 2K1C and not in SHAM rats. Cardiovascular effects produced by microinjection of l-ARG into the CVLM were abolished by prior microinjection of L-NAME in the CVLM of 2K1C and SHAM rats. Microinjection of L-NAME into the CVLM increased the sensitivity of reflex bradycardia in 2K1C animals. In contrast, the CVLM microinjection of L-ARG reduced reflex bradycardia only in SHAM rats. Vit C in the CVLM did not change reflex bradycardia in either 2K1C or in SHAM rats. These results suggest that increased oxidative stress in the CVLM during hypertension contributes to the reduced baroreflex sensitivity and to maintain hypertension in the 2K1C model.


Subject(s)
Baroreflex/physiology , Bradycardia/metabolism , Hypertension, Renovascular/metabolism , Medulla Oblongata/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Arginine/pharmacology , Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Heart Rate/drug effects , Male , NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/genetics , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Inbred F344 , Regression Analysis , Superoxides/metabolism
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